Перевод: с английского на все языки

со всех языков на английский

Со всех языков на:
Английский
С английского на:
Все языки
Арабский
Немецкий
Русский

(not limited in application)

Толкование Перевод

1 Application Telemetry

"A system that is used to gather a wide variety of information about applications. It includes, but is not limited to, what shims are applied, what compatibility switching context is used, if PCA applies a layer, and it includes Application Impact Telemetry."

ميزة تتبع استخدام التطبيقات

English-Arabic terms dictionary > Application Telemetry
2 General

1. adjective
1) allgemein

the general public — weite Kreise der Öffentlichkeit od. Bevölkerung

in general use — allgemein verbreitet

his general health/manner — sein Allgemeinbefinden/sein Benehmen im allgemeinen

he has had a good general education — er hat eine gute Allgemeinbildung

2) (prevalent, widespread, usual) allgemein; weitverbreitet [Übel, Vorurteil, Aberglaube, Ansicht]

it is the general custom or rule — es ist allgemein üblich od. ist Sitte od. Brauch

3) (not limited in application) allgemein; (true of [nearly] all cases) allgemein gültig; generell

as a general rule, in general — im allgemeinen

4) (not detailed, vague) allgemein; ungefähr, vage [Vorstellung, Beschreibung, Ähnlichkeit usw.]

the general idea or plan is that we... — wir haben uns das so vorgestellt, dass wir...
2. noun
(Mil.) General, der

* * *
['‹enərəl] 1. adjective
1) (of, involving etc all, most or very many people, things etc: The general feeling is that he is stupid; His general knowledge is good although he is not good at mathematics.) allgemein

2) (covering a large number of cases: a general rule.) allgemein

3) (without details: I'll just give you a general idea of the plan.) allgemein

4) ((as part of an official title) chief: the Postmaster General.) General-...
2. noun
(in the British army, (a person of) the rank next below field marshal: General Smith.) der General

- academic.ru/30756/generalize">generalize
- generalise
- generalization
- generalisation
- generally
- General Certificate of Education
- general election
- general practitioner
- general store
- as a general rule
- in general
- the general public
* * *

gen·er·al

[ˈʤen^ər^əl]

I. adj

1. (widespread) allgemein; rain verbreitet

the confusion was \general es herrschte allgemeine Verwirrung

the \general feeling das vorherrschende Gefühl

a \general idea eine verbreitete Vorstellung

\general impression Gesamteindruck m

to be of \general interest von allgemeinem Interesse sein

it is \general practice to do sth es ist allgemein üblich, etw zu tun

the \general reader der Durchschnittsleser/die Durchschnittsleserin

as a \general rule in der Regel, im Allgemeinen, normalerweise

to be in \general use allgemein benutzt [o gebraucht] werden

in \general im Allgemeinen, generell

2. (for everybody) allgemein, generell

most of the soldiers lived in \general quarters die meisten Soldaten lebten in der Kaserne

most of the books in this library are available for \general circulation die meisten Bücher dieser Bücherei können von jedem ausgeliehen werden

\general amnesty Generalamnestie f

\general meeting Vollversammlung f

\general mobilization Generalmobilmachung f

for \general use für den allgemeinen [o normalen] Gebrauch

to serve the \general welfare im öffentlichen Interesse sein

3. (unspecific) allgemein

\general American AM LING die amerikanische Standardsprache

\general cargo Stückgut nt, Partiefracht f fachspr

\general costs allgemeine Kosten

\general semantics LING allgemeine Semantik

4. (wide) allgemein

the school gives the children a \general background die Schule vermittelt den Kindern einen allgemeinen Hintergrund

\general education Ausbildung f in den Standardfächern

5. (not detailed) allgemein

\general idea ungefähre Vorstellung

to talk in \general terms [nur] allgemein gültige Aussagen machen, nichts Spezifisches sagen

6. attr (main) General-

\general comptroller Hauptrechnungsprüfer(in) m(f)

\general consulate Generalkonsulat nt

\general contractor Hauptunternehmer(in) m(f)

7. after n (in titles)

Attorney G\general Generalstaatsanwalt, -anwältin m, f

Consul G\general Generalkonsul(in) m(f)

Surgeon G\general AM Gesundheitsminister(in) m(f)

II. n MIL General(in) m(f)

\general in the Salvation Army General(in) m(f) der Heilsarmee f

four-star \general Viersternegeneral(in) m(f)

* * *
['dZenərəl]
1. adj
allgemein
his general appearance — sein Aussehen im Allgemeinen

this is not the general view — diese Ansicht wird nicht allgemein geteilt

there was general agreement among the two groups — die beiden Gruppen waren sich grundsätzlich einig

it met with general approval — es wurde allgemein gebilligt

the general attitude toward(s) the war is optimistic — es herrscht allgemein eine optimistische Einstellung zum Krieg

to be in general use —

fortune tellers are so general in their statements — Wahrsager halten ihre Aussagen so allgemein

the general plan or idea is that... — wir hatten uns/sie hatten sich (dat) etc das so gedacht, dass...

the general idea of that is to... — damit soll bezweckt werden, dass..., es geht dabei darum, dass...

that was the general idea —

the general idea is to wait and see — wir/sie etc wollen einfach mal abwarten

I've got the general idea (of it) — ich habe eine Vorstellung or ich weiß so ungefähr, worum es geht

to give sb a general idea of a subject — jdm eine ungefähre Vorstellung von einem Thema geben

in general terms, in a general sense — generell

she recounted in very general terms the events of recent months —

I spoke in a general way — ich habe ganz allgemein gesprochen

in the general direction of the village — ungefähr in Richtung des Dorfes

my general advice would be to leave them alone — grundsätzlich würde ich Ihnen raten, sie in Ruhe zu lassen

as a general rule — im Allgemeinen

a general ache — ein unbestimmter Schmerz

general labourer — ungelernter Arbeiter, ungelernte Arbeiterin

general drudge — Mädchen nt für alles

general reader — Durchschnittsleser(in) m(f)

2. n

1)

in general — im Allgemeinen

to go from the general to the particular — vom Allgemeinen ins Besondere gehen

2) (MIL) General(in) m(f)

* * *

Gen. abk

1. MIL General

2. BIBEL Genesis

* * *
1. adjective
1) allgemein

the general public — weite Kreise der Öffentlichkeit od. Bevölkerung

in general use — allgemein verbreitet

his general health/manner — sein Allgemeinbefinden/sein Benehmen im allgemeinen

he has had a good general education — er hat eine gute Allgemeinbildung

2) (prevalent, widespread, usual) allgemein; weitverbreitet [Übel, Vorurteil, Aberglaube, Ansicht]

it is the general custom or rule — es ist allgemein üblich od. ist Sitte od. Brauch

3) (not limited in application) allgemein; (true of [nearly] all cases) allgemein gültig; generell

as a general rule, in general — im allgemeinen

4) (not detailed, vague) allgemein; ungefähr, vage [Vorstellung, Beschreibung, Ähnlichkeit usw.]

the general idea or plan is that we... — wir haben uns das so vorgestellt, dass wir...
2. noun
(Mil.) General, der

* * *

adj.

Haupt- präfix.

allgemein adj.

generell adj.

pauschal adj.

English-german dictionary > General
3 general

1. adjective
1) allgemein

the general public — weite Kreise der Öffentlichkeit od. Bevölkerung

in general use — allgemein verbreitet

his general health/manner — sein Allgemeinbefinden/sein Benehmen im allgemeinen

he has had a good general education — er hat eine gute Allgemeinbildung

2) (prevalent, widespread, usual) allgemein; weitverbreitet [Übel, Vorurteil, Aberglaube, Ansicht]

it is the general custom or rule — es ist allgemein üblich od. ist Sitte od. Brauch

3) (not limited in application) allgemein; (true of [nearly] all cases) allgemein gültig; generell

as a general rule, in general — im allgemeinen

4) (not detailed, vague) allgemein; ungefähr, vage [Vorstellung, Beschreibung, Ähnlichkeit usw.]

the general idea or plan is that we... — wir haben uns das so vorgestellt, dass wir...
2. noun
(Mil.) General, der

* * *
['‹enərəl] 1. adjective
1) (of, involving etc all, most or very many people, things etc: The general feeling is that he is stupid; His general knowledge is good although he is not good at mathematics.) allgemein

2) (covering a large number of cases: a general rule.) allgemein

3) (without details: I'll just give you a general idea of the plan.) allgemein

4) ((as part of an official title) chief: the Postmaster General.) General-...
2. noun
(in the British army, (a person of) the rank next below field marshal: General Smith.) der General

- academic.ru/30756/generalize">generalize
- generalise
- generalization
- generalisation
- generally
- General Certificate of Education
- general election
- general practitioner
- general store
- as a general rule
- in general
- the general public
* * *

gen·er·al

[ˈʤen^ər^əl]

I. adj

1. (widespread) allgemein; rain verbreitet

the confusion was \general es herrschte allgemeine Verwirrung

the \general feeling das vorherrschende Gefühl

a \general idea eine verbreitete Vorstellung

\general impression Gesamteindruck m

to be of \general interest von allgemeinem Interesse sein

it is \general practice to do sth es ist allgemein üblich, etw zu tun

the \general reader der Durchschnittsleser/die Durchschnittsleserin

as a \general rule in der Regel, im Allgemeinen, normalerweise

to be in \general use allgemein benutzt [o gebraucht] werden

in \general im Allgemeinen, generell

2. (for everybody) allgemein, generell

most of the soldiers lived in \general quarters die meisten Soldaten lebten in der Kaserne

most of the books in this library are available for \general circulation die meisten Bücher dieser Bücherei können von jedem ausgeliehen werden

\general amnesty Generalamnestie f

\general meeting Vollversammlung f

\general mobilization Generalmobilmachung f

for \general use für den allgemeinen [o normalen] Gebrauch

to serve the \general welfare im öffentlichen Interesse sein

3. (unspecific) allgemein

\general American AM LING die amerikanische Standardsprache

\general cargo Stückgut nt, Partiefracht f fachspr

\general costs allgemeine Kosten

\general semantics LING allgemeine Semantik

4. (wide) allgemein

the school gives the children a \general background die Schule vermittelt den Kindern einen allgemeinen Hintergrund

\general education Ausbildung f in den Standardfächern

5. (not detailed) allgemein

\general idea ungefähre Vorstellung

to talk in \general terms [nur] allgemein gültige Aussagen machen, nichts Spezifisches sagen

6. attr (main) General-

\general comptroller Hauptrechnungsprüfer(in) m(f)

\general consulate Generalkonsulat nt

\general contractor Hauptunternehmer(in) m(f)

7. after n (in titles)

Attorney G\general Generalstaatsanwalt, -anwältin m, f

Consul G\general Generalkonsul(in) m(f)

Surgeon G\general AM Gesundheitsminister(in) m(f)

II. n MIL General(in) m(f)

\general in the Salvation Army General(in) m(f) der Heilsarmee f

four-star \general Viersternegeneral(in) m(f)

* * *
['dZenərəl]
1. adj
allgemein
his general appearance — sein Aussehen im Allgemeinen

this is not the general view — diese Ansicht wird nicht allgemein geteilt

there was general agreement among the two groups — die beiden Gruppen waren sich grundsätzlich einig

it met with general approval — es wurde allgemein gebilligt

the general attitude toward(s) the war is optimistic — es herrscht allgemein eine optimistische Einstellung zum Krieg

to be in general use —

fortune tellers are so general in their statements — Wahrsager halten ihre Aussagen so allgemein

the general plan or idea is that... — wir hatten uns/sie hatten sich (dat) etc das so gedacht, dass...

the general idea of that is to... — damit soll bezweckt werden, dass..., es geht dabei darum, dass...

that was the general idea —

the general idea is to wait and see — wir/sie etc wollen einfach mal abwarten

I've got the general idea (of it) — ich habe eine Vorstellung or ich weiß so ungefähr, worum es geht

to give sb a general idea of a subject — jdm eine ungefähre Vorstellung von einem Thema geben

in general terms, in a general sense — generell

she recounted in very general terms the events of recent months —

I spoke in a general way — ich habe ganz allgemein gesprochen

in the general direction of the village — ungefähr in Richtung des Dorfes

my general advice would be to leave them alone — grundsätzlich würde ich Ihnen raten, sie in Ruhe zu lassen

as a general rule — im Allgemeinen

a general ache — ein unbestimmter Schmerz

general labourer — ungelernter Arbeiter, ungelernte Arbeiterin

general drudge — Mädchen nt für alles

general reader — Durchschnittsleser(in) m(f)

2. n

1)

in general — im Allgemeinen

to go from the general to the particular — vom Allgemeinen ins Besondere gehen

2) (MIL) General(in) m(f)

* * *

general [ˈdʒenərəl]

A adj (adv → generally)

1. allgemein, gemeinschaftlich, Gemeinschafts…

2. allgemein (gebräuchlich oder verbreitet), allgemeingültig, üblich, gängig:

the general practice das übliche Verfahren;

as a general rule meistens, üblicherweise;

it seems to be the general rule es scheint allgemein üblich zu sein

3. allgemein, Allgemein…, generell, umfassend:

general education ( oder knowledge) Allgemeinbildung f;

the general public die breite Öffentlichkeit, die Allgemeinheit;

general term Allgemeinbegriff m;

of general interest von allgemeinem Interesse

4. allgemein, nicht spezialisiert:

the general reader der Durchschnittsleser;

general store Gemischtwarenhandlung f

5. allgemein (gehalten) (Studie etc):

in general terms allgemein (ausgedrückt)

6. ganz, gesamt:

general classification SPORT Gesamtklassement n;

the general body of citizens die gesamte Bürgerschaft

7. ungefähr, unbestimmt:

a general idea eine ungefähre Vorstellung

8. Haupt…, General…:

general agent

a) Generalbevollmächtigte(r) m/f(m),

b) WIRTSCH Generalvertreter(in);

general manager Generaldirektor m;

general power of attorney Generalvollmacht f;

general sales manager Verkaufsleiter m

9. (Amtstiteln nachgestellt) meist General…: → consul general, etc

10. MIL Generals…

B s

1. MIL

a) General m

b) Heerführer m, Feldherr m

c) auch allg Stratege m

d) → general officer

2. MIL US

a) (Vier-Sterne-)General m (zweithöchster Generalsrang)

b) General of the Army Fünf-Sterne-General m (höchster Generalsrang)

3. REL (Ordens)General m, (General)Obere(r) m

4. “General” (als Überschrift) „Allgemeines“;

in general im Allgemeinen, im Großen und Ganzen

5. the general obs die breite Öffentlichkeit, die Allgemeinheit

gen. abk

1. gender

2. general (generally)

3. LING genitive

4. BIOL genus

genl abk general

* * *
1. adjective
1) allgemein

the general public — weite Kreise der Öffentlichkeit od. Bevölkerung

in general use — allgemein verbreitet

his general health/manner — sein Allgemeinbefinden/sein Benehmen im allgemeinen

he has had a good general education — er hat eine gute Allgemeinbildung

2) (prevalent, widespread, usual) allgemein; weitverbreitet [Übel, Vorurteil, Aberglaube, Ansicht]

it is the general custom or rule — es ist allgemein üblich od. ist Sitte od. Brauch

3) (not limited in application) allgemein; (true of [nearly] all cases) allgemein gültig; generell

as a general rule, in general — im allgemeinen

4) (not detailed, vague) allgemein; ungefähr, vage [Vorstellung, Beschreibung, Ähnlichkeit usw.]

the general idea or plan is that we... — wir haben uns das so vorgestellt, dass wir...
2. noun
(Mil.) General, der

* * *

adj.

Haupt- präfix.

allgemein adj.

generell adj.

pauschal adj.

English-german dictionary > general
4 amortization

Fin

1. a method of recovering (deducting or writing off) the capital costs of intangible assets over a fixed period of time.

EXAMPLE

For tax purposes, the distinction is not always made between amortization and depreciation, yet amortization remains a viable financial accounting concept in its own right.

     It is computed using the straight-line method of depreciation: divide the initial cost of the intangible asset by the estimated useful life of that asset.

Initial cost/useful life = amortization per year

For example, if it costs $10,000 to acquire a patent and it has an estimated useful life of 10 years, the amortized amount per year is $1,000.

$10,000/10 = $1,000 per year

     The amount of amortization accumulated since the asset was acquired appears on the organization’s balance sheet as a deduction under the amortized asset.

     While that formula is straightforward, amortization can also incorporate a variety of noncash charges to net earnings and/or asset values, such as depletion, write-offs, prepaid expenses, and deferred charges. Accordingly, there are many rules to regulate how these charges appear on financial statements. The rules are different in each country, and are occasionally changed, so it is necessary to stay abreast of them and rely on expert advice.

     For financial reporting purposes, an intangible asset is amortized over a period of years. The amortizable life—“useful life”—of an intangible asset is the period over which it gives economic benefit.

     Intangibles that can be amortized can include:

      Copyrights, based on the amount paid either to purchase them or to develop them internally, plus the costs incurred in producing the work (wages or materials, for example). At present, a copyright is granted to a corporation for 75 years, and to an individual for the life of the author plus 50 years. However, the estimated useful life of a copyright is usually far less than its legal life, and it is generally amortized over a fairly short period;

     Cost of a franchise, including any fees paid to the franchiser, as well legal costs or expenses incurred in the acquisition. A franchise granted for a limited period should be amortized over its life. If the franchise has an indefinite life, it should be amortized over a reasonable period not to exceed 40 years;

     Covenants not to compete: an agreement by the seller of a business not to engage in a competing business in a certain area for a specific period of time. The cost of the not-tocompete covenant should be amortized over the period covered by the covenant unless its estimated economic life is expected to be less;

     Easement costs that grant a right of way may be amortized if there is a limited and specified life; Organization costs incurred when forming a corporation or a partnership, including legal fees, accounting services, incorporation fees, and other related services.

     Organization costs are usually amortized over 60 months;

     Patents, both those developed internally and those purchased. If developed internally, a patent’s “amortizable basis” includes legal fees incurred during the application process. A patent should be amortized over its legal life or its economic life, whichever is the shorter;

     Trademarks, brands, and trade names, which should be written off over a period not to exceed 40 years;

     Other types of property that may be amortized include certain intangible drilling costs, circulation costs, mine development costs, pollution control facilities, and reforestation expenditures;

     Certain intangibles cannot be amortized, but may be depreciated using a straight-line approach if they have “determinable” useful life. Because the rules are different in each country and are subject to change, it is essential to rely on specialist advice.

2. the repayment of the principal and interest on a loan in equal amounts over a period of time

The ultimate business dictionary > amortization
5 treaty

n

1) (международный) договор, соглашение

- abrogation of a treaty

- cancellation of a treaty

- acceptance of a treaty

- accession to a treaty

- alterations of the treaty

- amendment to a treaty

- appellation of a treaty

- actual application of a treaty

- daily application of a treaty

- provisional application of a treaty

- approval of a treaty

- arrangement of a treaty

- binding force of treaties

- body of stipulations of a treaty

- conclusion of a treaty

- denunciation of a treaty

- depositaries of treaties

- desuetude of a treaty

- dissolution of a treaty

- draft of a treaty

- successive drafts of a treaty

- duration of a treaty

- effect of a treaty

- effect of treaties upon third states

- effects of a treaty between the parties

- enforcement of a treaty

- entry of a treaty into force

- preclude the entry of a treaty into force

- fulfilment of a treaty

- execution of a treaty

- speedy execution of a treaty

- be guardians of the proper execution of a treaty

- expiration of a treaty

- extinction of the object of a treaty

- formal entrance into an existing treaty

- framing of a treaty

- initialling of a treaty

- integral part of a treaty

- interpretation of a treaty

- invalidity of a treaty

- law-consolidating character of a treaty

- law-creating character of a treaty

- material breach of a treaty

- means to secure the performance of a treaty

- methods of bringing a treaty to an end

- motives for the conclusion of a treaty

- negotiation of a treaty

- non-registration of a treaty

- object of a treaty

- incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty

- observance of a treaty

- operation of a treaty

- prolong the time of operation of a treaty

- the operation of the treaty may be suspended

- original of a treaty

- parties to a treaty

- state party to a treaty

- party bound by a treaty

- periodic review of a treaty

- preamble to a treaty

- prolongation of a treaty

- provisions of a treaty

- derogate from the provisions of the treaty

- ratification of a treaty

- realization of the purpose of a treaty

- registration of a treaty

- renewal of a treaty

- repudiation of a treaty

- resumption of the operation of a treaty

- revision of a treaty

- signing of a treaty

- state benefiting from the treaty

- stipulations of a treaty

- subject matter of a treaty

- suspension of a treaty

- termination of a treaty

- termination of a treaty by consent of the parties

- terms of a treaty

- territorial scope of a treaty

- text of a treaty

- adoption of the text of a treaty

- draft the text of a treaty

- frame the text of a treaty

- validity of a treaty

- interfere with the validity of a treaty

- verification of a treaty

- violation of a treaty

- voidance of a treaty

- withdrawal from a treaty

- withdrawal from a treaty with notice

- wording of a treaty

- by treaty

- by virtue of the treaty

- according to the importance of the treaty

- statement of the purposes and objectives of the treaty

- treaties according freedom of navigation in international waterways or rivers

- treaty adopted within an international organization

- treaty as amended

- treaties as a source of international law

- treaty authenticated in two languages

- treaty banning all nuclear weapon tests

- treaty banning underground nuclear weapon tests

- treaty concluded by the country of residence

- treaty creating servitudes

- treaty establishing a boundary

- treaty establishing nuclear-free zone

- treaties for the equitable use of the water resources of an international river basin and alike

- treaty for an indefinite term

- treaty in force

- treaty opened to accession of third states

- treaty outmoded by events

- cancel a treaty

- abrogate a treaty

- accede to a treaty

- adhere to a treaty

- alter a treaty

- amend a treaty

- appear from a treaty

- approve a treaty

- be bound by a treaty

- bring a treaty to an end

- cancel a treaty on the ground of its violation

- consummate a treaty

- complete a treaty

- make a treaty

- conclude a treaty

- enter into a treaty

- conclude a treaty for a limited period of time

- declare oneself free from the obligations of a treaty

- defeat a treaty

- defeat the object and purpose of a treaty

- renounce a treaty

- denounce a treaty

- enter a separate treaty

- execute a treaty

- execute a treaty in all its parts

- prolong a treaty

- extend a treaty

- fulfil a treaty

- get a treaty approved

- impart the binding force to a treaty

- interpret a treaty

- invoke a treaty

- join a treaty

- make a treaty binding

- modify a treaty

- monitor a treaty

- negotiate the adaptation of a treaty to new conditions

- observe a treaty

- obstruct the operation of a treaty

- participate in a treaty

- perfect a treaty

- perform a treaty in good faith

- publish a treaty

- be pursuant to a treaty

- put a treaty into force

- ratify a treaty

- redintegrate a treaty

- the treaty becomes redintegrated

- register a treaty

- register a treaty with the Secretariat of the United Nations

- reject a treaty

- renew a treaty

- scuttle a treaty

- sell a treaty

- sign a treaty

- submit a treaty for approval

- suspend a treaty

- suspend the operation of a treaty in whole

- suspend the operation of a treaty in part

- take a treaty out of freeze

- terminate the operation of a treaty

- uphold a treaty

- violate a treaty

- withdraw from a treaty

- the treaty is legally binding

- the treaty has become operative

- the treaty continues in operation

- the treaty is suspended in operation

- the treaty is terminated in operation

- the treaty becomes incapable of execution

- the treaty is valid

- the treaty cannot be ratified in part

- the treaty becomes void

- with all the rights and duties arising from the treaty

- the treaty falls to the ground

- some treaties devolve upon the successor

- the treaties are inconsistent with each other

- two treaties which are not capable of being applied at the same time

- the treaty which does not provide for denunciation or withdrawal

- unless the treaty otherwise provides

- the treaty which has expired

2) переговоры

- be in treaty with smb. for smth.

•

- localized treaty

- existing treaty

- treaty of arbitration

- dispositive treaty

- ABM treaty

- treaty of protectorate

- treaty engagements

- basic treaty

- treaty nexus

- international treaty

- treaty process

- secret treaty

- treaty rights

- security treaty

- pre-existing treaty

- contractual treaty

- treaty of cession

- former treaty

- treaty relations

- treaty coast

- law-making treaty

- unilateral treaty

- mutual treaty

- out-of-date treaty

- by international treaty

- treaty of friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance

- earlier treaty

- binding treaty

- treaty of protection

- surplus treaty

- recognized international treaty

- commercial treaty

- ordinary treaty

- self-executing treaty

- non-registered treaty

- multilateral treaty on arms control and disarmament

- treaties of a humanitarian character

- treaty of commerce and navigation

- alliance treaty

- binding obligatory force of international treaties

- comprehensive test ban treaty

- first surplus treaty

- treaty document

- formal treaty

- The Treaty of Maastricht

- executory treaty

- treaty of friendship, neighbourliness and cooperation

- conciliation treaty

- oral treaty

- time-expiring treaty

- treaty of confederation

- consular treaty

- shipping treaty

- political treaty

- treaty of alliance

- treaty contract

- treaty of union

- original treaty

- open treaty

- non-political treaty

- bilateral treaty

- later treaty

- treaty of law-making character

- extradition treaty

- individual treaty

- treaty commitments

- territorial treaty

- nuclear-weapon-free-zone treaty

- treaty parties

- non-self-executing treaty

- multilateral treaty

- treaty of mutual assistance

- binding character force of international treaties

- guarantee treaty

- treaty provisions

- pre-union treaties

- undated treaty

- general treaty of arbitration

- successive treaties

- general treaty

- reciprocal trade treaty

- real guarantee treaty

- adequately verified treaty

- treaty of accession

- peace treaty

- void treaty

- threshold treaty

- regional treaty

- boundary treaty

- non-discriminatory treaty

- plurilateral treaty

- principal treaty

- quota-share treaty

- treaty of establishment

- be in treaty relations

- treaty stipulations

- supplementary treaty

- treaty regime

- pre-community treaties of member states with third countries

- multilateral balanced and fully verified treaty

- preliminary treaty

- treaty of neutrality

- universal treaty

- pre-independence treaties

- tax treaty

- pre-federation treaties

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > treaty
6 circuit

1) схема; цепь; контур

2) канал; линия; тракт

3) тлф. шлейф

4) цикл ( графа)

5) круговое движение, движение по окружности || совершать круговое движение, двигаться по окружности

•

- π-circuit
- 2D circuit
- 3D circuit
- absorbing circuit
- absorption circuit
- ac circuit
- acceptor circuit
- adaptive logic circuit
- additive printed circuit
- adjustable threshold logic circuit
- aerial circuit
- alive circuit
- aluminium-gate MOS integrated circuit
- aluminum-gate MOS integrated circuit
- AM detecting circuit
- analog circuit
- ancillary circuit
- AND circuit
- anode circuit
- antenna circuit
- anticlutter circuit
- anticoincidence circuit
- antihunt circuit
- antijamming circuit
- anti-Karp circuit
- antiresonance circuit
- antiresonant circuit
- antisidetone circuit
- aperiodic circuit
- application-specific integrated circuit
- approved circuit
- array integrated circuit
- astable circuit
- autodyne circuit
- automatic start circuit
- averaging circuit
- azimuth-sweep circuit
- back-plate circuit
- back-to-back circuit
- balanced circuit
- base-line marker circuit
- basic circuit
- beta circuit
- beta feedback circuit
- bias circuit
- bidirectional clamping circuit
- bilateral circuit
- bipolar circuit
- bipolar integrated circuit
- bistable circuit
- bistable multivibrator circuit
- black stretch circuit
- black-level restoring circuit
- black-level setting circuit
- blanking circuit
- bootstrap circuit
- bound circuit
- boxcar circuit
- branch circuit
- branched circuit
- bridge circuit
- bridged circuit
- broken circuit
- bubble annihilation circuit
- bubble circuit
- bubble detection circuit
- bubble propagation circuit
- bubble replication circuit
- bubble stretching circuit
- bubble switching circuit
- bubble-domain annihilation circuit
- bubble-domain detection circuit
- bubble-domain propagation circuit
- bubble-domain replication circuit
- bubble-domain stretching circuit
- bubble-domain switching circuit
- bucket-brigade circuit
- buffer circuit
- building-out circuit
- built-up circuit
- bulk-effect integrated circuit
- butterfly circuit
- butterfly tank circuit
- calibrating circuit
- call circuit
- capacitive differentiator circuit
- capacitive oscillatory circuit
- cathode circuit
- central-battery circuit
- ceramic printed circuit
- charge-coupled device integrated circuit
- chemically deposited printed circuit
- chemically reduced printed circuit
- chemically-assembled integrated circuit
- chevron bubble propagation circuit
- chevron bubble-domain propagation circuit
- chip integrated circuit
- cholesteric circuit
- chopping circuit
- chrominance matrix circuit
- chrominance separation circuit
- chrominance take-off circuit
- circuit of graph
- clamping circuit
- clamp-on circuit
- clipping circuit
- clock circuit
- clocked circuit
- close-coupled circuits
- closed circuit
- closed magnetic circuit
- CMOS integrated circuit
- coaxial circuit
- coincidence circuit
- collector circuit
- collector-diffusion isolated integrated circuit
- color processing circuit
- color purity circuit
- color-balance circuit
- color-indexing circuit
- color-killer circuit
- Colpitts oscillatory circuit
- combinational circuit
- combinatorial circuit
- combiner circuit
- common-base circuit
- common-battery circuit
- common-cathode circuit
- common-collector circuit
- common-drain circuit
- common-emitter circuit
- common-gate circuit
- common-grid circuit
- common-source circuit
- common-use circuit
- compander circuit
- comparator circuit
- comparison circuit
- compatible circuit
- compensating circuit
- complementary circuit
- complementary MOS integrated circuit
- complementary symmetry circuit
- complementary symmetry MOS integrated circuit
- complementary-output circuit
- composite circuit
- compound circuit
- compression circuit
- computer circuits
- conference circuit
- consumer integrated circuit
- contiguous-disk bubble propagation circuit
- contiguous-disk bubble-domain propagation circuit
- control circuit
- controller circuit
- convergence circuit
- cord circuit
- core-diode circuit
- core-transistor circuit
- correction input circuit
- COSMOS circuit
- countdown circuits
- counter circuit
- counter timer circuit
- counting circuit
- coupled circuits
- cross-control circuit
- crossed-waveguide circuit
- crosspoint integrated circuit
- cryotron circuit
- cue circuit
- current-access bubble circuit
- current-feedback circuit
- current-limited circuit
- current-source equivalent circuit
- custom circuit
- customer-specific integrated circuit
- custom-wired integrated circuit
- cutoff circuit
- damping circuit
- dash circuit
- data circuit
- dc circuit
- dc restoration circuit
- dead-on-arrival integrated circuit
- decision circuit
- decision making circuit
- decoupling circuit
- dedicated integrated circuit
- deep-submicron integrated circuit
- degenerative circuit
- delay circuit
- delay-insensitive circuit
- delay-sensitive circuit
- delta circuit
- demultiplexing circuit
- deposited integrated circuit
- derived circuit
- despiker circuit
- despiking circuit
- detector circuit
- detuned circuit
- dial toll circuit
- dial-up circuit
- diamond circuit
- die integrated circuit
- dielectric isolated integrated circuit
- differential-frequency circuit
- differentiating circuit
- diffused-isolation integrated circuit
- digital circuit
- digital integrated circuit
- digital logic circuit
- diode array integrated circuit
- diode integrated circuit
- diode-coupled circuit
- diplex circuit
- direct international circuit
- direct transit international circuit
- direct-coupled circuit
- direct-wire circuit
- discharge circuit
- discrete circuit
- discrete-component circuit
- disjunction circuit
- distributed-element circuit
- divided circuit
- dividing circuit
- Doppler tracking circuit
- dot circuit
- double-coincidence circuit
- double-ended cord circuit
- double-ridge easitron circuit
- double-ridge Karp circuit
- double-sided circuit
- double-tuned circuit
- down-scaled integrated circuit
- driven circuit
- dry circuit
- dry-processed integrated circuit
- DTF circuit
- dual-in-line integrated circuit
- duplex circuit
- duplicated circuit
- dynamic-convergence circuit
- dynamic-focus circuit
- dynamic-track following circuit
- earth circuit
- earthed circuit
- E-beam litho circuit
- EC circuit
- Eccles-Jordan circuit
- EITHER-OR circuit
- electric circuit
- electronic circuit
- elevated-electrode integrated circuit
- embossed-foil printed circuit
- emitter-coupled circuit
- emitter-follower logic integrated circuit
- engineering circuit
- epitaxial circuit
- epitaxial passivated integrated circuit
- equalization circuit
- equivalent circuit
- equivalent integrated circuit
- etched printed circuit
- evaporated circuit
- exclusive OR circuit
- expanded-sweep circuit
- expander circuit
- external circuit
- external magnetic circuit
- extra LSI circuit
- face-down integrated circuit
- fail-safe circuit
- fallback circuit
- fan-in circuit
- fan-out circuit
- fast time-constant circuit
- feed circuit
- feedback circuit
- ferrite-diode circuit
- ferrite-transistor circuit
- ferroresonant circuit
- field-access bubble circuit
- field-programmable integrated circuit
- filament circuit
- film integrated circuit
- fine-line integrated circuit
- fine-pattern integrated circuit
- flat-pack integrated circuit
- flexible printed circuit
- flip-chip integrated circuit
- flip-flop circuit
- flux transfer circuit
- flywheel circuit
- forced coupled circuits
- forked circuit
- four-wire circuit
- frame-grounding circuit
- frame-scanning circuit
- free coupled circuits
- freely oscillating coupled circuits
- free-running circuit
- frequency-changing circuit
- full-wave circuit
- fully integrated circuit
- function circuit
- g equivalent circuit
- ganged circuits
- gate circuit
- gate equivalent circuit
- Giacoletto circuit
- Goto-pair circuit
- grid circuit
- grounded circuit
- grounded-base circuit
- grounded-collector circuit
- grounded-emitter circuit
- grounded-grid circuit
- ground-return circuit
- grouping circuit
- guard-ring isolated monolithic integrated circuit
- Gunn-effect circuit
- h equivalent circuit
- half-phantom circuit
- half-wave circuit
- Hamilton circuit
- hardened circuit
- Hartley oscillatory circuit
- Hazeltine neutralizing circuit
- head circuit
- heater circuit
- high-temperature superconductor integrated circuit
- holding circuit
- horizontal scanning circuit
- horizontal sync circuit
- horizontal-deflection circuit
- hotline circuit
- hybrid circuit
- hybrid integrated circuit
- hybrid pi equivalent circuit
- hybrid thin-film circuit
- hybrid thin-film integrated circuit
- hybrid-type circuit
- I2L circuit
- ideal-transformer equivalent circuit
- identification circuit
- idler circuit
- ignition circuit
- image circuit
- impulsing circuit
- inclusive NOR circuit
- inclusive OR circuit
- incoming circuit
- individually wired circuit
- inductance-capacitance coupling circuit
- inductive circuit
- inductive differentiator circuit
- inductive oscillatory circuit
- inductively coupled circuit
- injection circuit
- injection integrated circuit
- input circuit
- inquiry circuit
- insulated-substrate integrated circuit
- integrate-and-dump circuit
- integrated circuit
- integrated injection logic circuit
- integrated optical circuit
- integrating circuit
- interaction circuit
- interface circuit
- inter-integrated circuit
- interlock circuit
- intermediate-frequency circuit
- inverter circuit
- ion-implanted bubble propagation circuit
- ion-implanted bubble-domain propagation circuit
- ion-implanted MOS integrated circuit
- iron circuit
- isolated integrated injection logic circuit
- isolated-substrate solid circuit
- isoplanar integrated circuit
- isoplanar-based integrated circuit
- joint circuit
- joint denial circuit
- Josephson logic integrated circuit
- Josephson-junction logic integrated circuit
- junction circuit
- junction-isolation integrated circuit
- Karp circuit
- keep-alive circuit
- keying circuit
- killer circuit
- label circuit
- ladder circuit
- lagging circuit
- large-scale hybrid integration circuit
- large-scale integration circuit
- laser-configured application-specific integrated circuit
- latched circuit
- latching Boolean circuit
- latching circuit
- leak circuit
- leakage circuit
- leased circuit
- line circuit
- linear circuit
- linear integrated circuit
- line-scan circuit
- line-scanning circuit
- live circuit
- load circuit
- local circuit
- local-battery circuit
- locking circuit
- Loftin-White circuit
- logic circuit
- long-distance telephone circuit
- longitudinal circuit
- losser circuit
- low-energy circuit
- low-temperature superconductor integrated circuit
- L-section circuit
- lumped circuit
- lumped-constant circuit
- made-to-order circuit
- magnetic circuit
- magnetic convergence circuit
- magnetic integrated circuit
- magnetic-core circuit
- majority circuit
- master-slice integrated circuit
- matching circuit
- matrix circuit
- matrix integrated circuit
- McCulloh circuit
- medium-scale integration circuit
- memory circuit
- merged transistor logic integrated circuit
- Mesny circuit
- message circuit
- metal-dielectric-semiconductor integrated circuit
- metallic circuit
- metal-oxide-semiconductor integrated circuit
- metal-oxide-semiconductor large scale integration circuit
- meter-current circuit
- meter-voltage circuit
- microcomputer integrated circuit
- microelectronic integrated circuit
- microenergy logic circuit
- micrologic circuit
- micropower circuit
- microprinted circuit
- microprocessor integrated circuit
- microprocessor logic-support circuit
- microprogrammed circuit
- microwatt circuit
- microwave circuit
- microwave integrated circuit
- mix circuit
- mixing circuit
- molecular integrated circuit
- monobrid integrated circuit
- monolithic integrated circuit
- monolithic microwave integrated circuit
- monophase integrated circuit
- monostable circuit
- MOS integrated circuit
- MOS-on-sapphire integrated circuit
- MTL integrated circuit
- mu circuit
- mu feedback circuit
- multibrid integrated circuit
- multichip integrated circuit
- multidrop circuit
- multifunctional integrated circuit
- multilayer circuit
- multilevel-metallized integrated circuit
- multiphase integrated circuit
- multiplanar circuit
- multiple circuit
- multiple-chip circuit
- multiple-substrate solid circuit
- multipoint circuit
- multistable circuit
- multistage circuit
- muting circuit
- NAND circuit
- nanotube integrated circuit
- n-channel logic MOS integrated circuit
- negative OR circuit
- NEITHER-NOR circuit
- neutral magnetic circuit
- neutralizing circuit
- noise equivalent circuit
- noise suppression circuit
- nondisjunction circuit
- noninductive circuit
- nonlinear circuit
- nonphantomed circuits
- nonredundant circuit
- NOR circuit
- NOT circuit
- NOT-AND circuit
- NOT-OR circuit
- off-the-shelf circuit
- one-chip integrated circuit
- one-sided circuit
- one-wire circuit
- open circuit
- open magnetic circuit
- open-wire circuit
- optical integrated circuit
- optically coupled circuit
- optoelectronic integrated circuit
- optron integrated circuit
- OR circuit
- OR-ELSE circuit
- oscillator circuit
- oscillatory circuit
- output circuit
- overcoupled circuits
- overlap telling circuit
- oxide-isolated integrated circuit
- packaged circuit
- painted printed circuit
- parallel circuit
- parallel LCR circuit
- parallel-resonant circuit
- parallel-series circuit
- passivated integrated circuit
- p-channel logic MOS integrated circuit
- peak-holding circuit
- peaking circuit
- peak-riding clipping circuit
- perforated bubble propagation circuit
- perforated bubble-domain propagation circuit
- periodic circuit
- peripheral integrated circuit
- permalloy circuit
- permanent virtual circuit
- phantom circuit
- phase-advance circuit
- phase-comparison circuit
- phase-compensating circuit
- phase-delay circuit
- phase-equalizing circuit
- phase-inverting circuit
- phase-lag circuit
- phase-shift circuit
- photonic integrated circuit
- physical circuits
- physical equivalent circuit
- pi circuit
- pickax bubble propagation circuit
- pickax bubble-domain propagation circuit
- piezoelectric-crystal equivalent circuit
- pilot circuit
- planar integrated circuit
- planex integrated circuit
- plastic integrated circuit
- plastic-encapsulated integrated circuit
- plate circuit
- plated circuit
- plated printed circuit
- p-n junction isolated integrated circuit
- point-to-point circuit
- polar circuit
- polarized magnetic circuit
- polling circuit
- polymer integrated circuit
- polymer logic circuit
- polymer-based logic circuit
- polyphase circuit
- positioning circuit
- potentiometer circuit
- potted circuit
- power adder circuit
- preemphasis circuit
- presetting circuit
- primary circuit
- primary series circuit
- printed circuit
- printed wiring circuit
- printed-component circuit
- program circuit
- programmed interconnection pattern large-scale integration circuit
- propagation circuit
- proprietary integrated circuit
- pulse-actuated circuit
- pulse-shaping circuit
- pulsing circuit
- pump circuit
- pumping circuit
- purity circuit
- push-pull circuit
- push-push circuit
- push-to-talk circuit
- push-to-type circuit
- quadruplex circuit
- quasi-bistable circuit
- quasi-monostable circuit
- quenching circuit
- quiet-tuning circuit
- r equivalent circuit
- radiating circuit
- radiation hardened integrated circuit
- radio circuit
- radio communication circuit
- radio-frequency integrated circuit
- radio-receiving circuit
- radio-transmitting circuit
- range-marker circuit
- range-sweep circuit
- range-tracking circuit
- rapid single flux quantum circuit
- RC circuit
- RCG circuit
- RCTL circuit
- RDTL circuit
- reactance control circuit
- reaction circuit
- reactive circuit
- read-and-write circuit
- redundant circuit
- reflex circuit
- regenerative circuit
- rejector circuit
- repeat circuit
- reset circuit
- reset control circuit
- reshaping circuit
- resistance-capacitance circuit
- resistance-inductance circuit
- resistance-inductance-capacitance circuit
- resistor-capacitor-transistor logic circuit
- resistor-coupled transistor logic circuit
- resistor-diode-transistor logic circuit
- resistor-transistor logic circuit
- resonant circuit
- retroactive circuit
- reverberation-controlled gain circuit
- right-plane circuit
- ring circuit
- ring-and-bar circuit
- ringdown circuit
- ringing circuit
- RL circuit
- RLC circuit
- RSFQ circuit
- RTL circuit
- sample-and-hold circuit
- sampling circuit
- scaled integrated circuit
- scale-of-eight circuit
- scale-of-ten circuit
- scale-of-two circuit
- scaling circuit
- scanning circuit
- scrambler circuit
- screened circuit
- sealed circuit
- sealed-junction integration circuit
- selective circuit
- self-holding circuit
- self-repairing circuit
- self-saturating circuit
- semiconductor integrated circuit
- semiconductor-magnetic circuit
- semicustom integrated circuit
- separation circuit
- series circuit
- series RLC circuit
- series-peaking circuit
- series-resonant circuit
- service circuit
- short circuit
- shunt circuit
- shunt-peaking circuit
- shunt-series circuit
- side circuits
- sidetone suppression circuit
- signal circuit
- signal-processing circuit
- silent circuit
- silicon integrated circuit
- silicon-on-sapphire integrated circuit
- simple parallel circuit
- simplex circuit
- single-chip integrated circuit
- single-ended circuit
- single-mask level bubble circuit
- single-phase circuit
- single-ridge easitron circuit
- single-ridge Karp circuit
- single-shot trigger circuit
- single-trip trigger circuit
- single-tuned circuit
- single-wire circuit
- slave circuit
- sliding short circuit
- slow-wave circuit
- small outline integrated circuit
- small-scale integrated circuit
- smoothing circuit
- sneak circuit
- software circuit
- solid-state circuit
- spare circuit
- spark circuit
- speaker circuit
- sprayed printed circuit
- square-rooting circuit
- squaring circuit
- squelch circuit
- stacked circuit
- staggered circuits
- stamped printed circuit
- standard scale circuit
- star-connected circuit
- starting circuit
- start-stop circuit
- static-induction transistor integrated circuit
- stenode circuit
- stick circuit
- stopper circuit
- storage circuit
- straightforward circuit
- stripline circuit
- submicron integrated circuit
- subscriber line interface circuit
- subscriber-line audio-processing circuit
- superconducting tank circuit
- superimposed circuit
- superposed circuit
- supervising circuit
- support circuit
- sweep circuit
- switch virtual circuit
- switched circuit
- switching circuit
- sync separator circuit
- sync stretch circuit
- synchronous circuit
- T2L circuit
- talk-back circuit
- tank circuit
- tantalum thin-film circuit
- tap circuit
- tapped circuit
- tapped resonant circuit
- tapped-capacitor circuit
- tapped-capacitor resonant circuit
- tapped-coil circuit
- tapped-coil resonant circuit
- tapped-inductor circuit
- tapped-inductor resonant circuit
- T-bar bubble propagation circuit
- T-bar bubble-domain propagation circuit
- T-circuit
- telegraph circuit
- telephone circuit
- telling circuit
- terminating circuit
- Thevenin equivalent circuit
- thick-film circuit
- thin-film circuit
- three-dimensional circuit
- three-phase circuit
- threshold circuit
- through circuit
- tie-line circuit
- time-base circuit
- time-delay circuit
- toll-circuit
- totem-pole circuit
- transfer circuit
- transformer-coupled circuit
- transistor equivalent circuit
- transistor-transistor logic circuit
- traveling-wave-tube interaction circuit
- tributary circuit
- trigger circuit
- trunk circuit
- trunk terminating circuit
- trunk-junction circuit
- tse circuit
- TTL circuit
- tube circuit
- tube equivalent circuit
- tuned circuit
- tuning circuit
- twin-circuit
- twin-T circuit
- two-dimensional circuit
- two-state circuit
- two-way circuit
- two-wire circuit
- UHS integrated circuit
- ultra-audion circuit
- ultra-high-speed integrated circuit
- unbalanced circuit
- undefined function circuit
- underdamped circuit
- unilateral circuit
- unipolar integrated circuit
- universal cord circuit
- vacuum integrated circuit
- vacuum-deposited integrated circuit
- vapor-deposited printed circuit
- vertical deflection circuit
- vertical scanning circuit
- vertical sync circuit
- very high-speed integrated circuit
- very large-scale integration circuit
- V-groove isolated integrated injection logic circuit
- vibrating circuit
- video circuit
- virtual circuit
- voltage-feedback circuit
- voltage-source equivalent circuit
- wafer-on-scale integrated circuit
- warning circuit
- watch integrated circuit
- waveguide circuit
- waveguide short circuit
- weakly superconducting circuit
- weighting circuit
- welded electronic circuit
- white circuit
- wire circuit
- wired circuit
- wire-wrapped circuit
- writing circuit
- X-bar bubble propagation circuit
- X-bar bubble-domain propagation circuit
- XNOR circuit
- XOR circuit
- X-ray litho integrated circuit
- y equivalent circuit
- Y-bar bubble propagation circuit
- Y-bar bubble-domain propagation circuit
- Y-connected circuit
- z equivalent circuit
- zig-zag asymmetrical permalloy-wedges circuit
- zigzag permalloy track circuit

The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > circuit
7 Edison, Thomas Alva

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Automotive engineering, Electricity, Electronics and information technology, Metallurgy, Photography, film and optics, Public utilities, Recording, Telecommunications

[br]

b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USA

d. 18 October 1931 Glenmont

[br]

American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.

[br]

He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.

At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.

Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.

He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.

Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.

Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.

Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.

In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.

On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.

Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.

In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.

In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.

In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.

In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.

In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Member of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.

Further Reading

M.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.

R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.

IMcN

Biographical history of technology > Edison, Thomas Alva
8 number

ˈnʌmbə
1. сущ.
1) а) мат. число;
сумма, цифра;
австрал. арифметика high number ≈ большое число low number ≈ небольшое число algebraic number complex number compound number decimal number even number imaginary number infinite number irrational number mass number mixed number natural number negative number odd number positive number prime number quantum number whole number science of numbers б) количество, число to decrease, reduce a number ≈ сокращать число, уменьшать количество to increase a number ≈ увеличивать число, увеличивать количество to reduce the number of traffic accidents ≈ сокращать число дорожно-транспортных происшествий large number ≈ большое число small number ≈ небольшое число in great numbers approximate number round number certain number enormous number untold number growing number a number of in numbers out of number without number Numbers Syn: quantity в) номер( какого-л. объекта;
также предмет, на котором написан, вырезан и т.д. номер) to call, dial a number ≈ набирать номер, звонить lucky number ≈ счастливый номер, счастливое число serial number( of a product) ≈ серийный номер (продукта) serial number (of a soldier) ≈ личный номер (солдата) telephone number ≈ телефонный номер unlisted number ≈ номер телефона, не внесенный в телефонную книгу winning number (of a lottery) ≈ выигрышный номер (в лотерее) get the wrong number call number motorcar's number Number 10
2) а) номер, пункт( в программе какого-л. действа) б) номер, выпуск, экземпляр( чего-л. периодического и т. п.) the daily number ≈ выпуск газеты, выходящий ежедневно back number в) разг. что-л. выделяющееся, могущее служить образцом г) элемент оглавления, списка;
часть музыкального произведения
3) а) грам. число б) грам. числительное cardinal number ordinal number Syn: numeral
4) редк. ритм, размер (стихотворный) ;
перен. мн. стихи ∙ his number goes up ≈ он умирает, его песенка спета, ему крышка number one number two get one's number take one's number have one's number
2. гл.
1) а) нумеровать;
считать, пересчитывать( о людях, реже о предметах) His days are numbered. ≈ Его дни сочтены. Mussulmans consider every attempt to number the people as a mark of great impiety. ≈ Мусульмане считают любую попытку пересчитать людей как признак нечестивости. Syn: enumerate;
count б) воен. рассчитываться to number off ≈ делать перекличку по номерам
2) а) числиться, быть в числе (among, in) I am proud to number her among my friends. ≈ Я горд, что я ее друг. Syn: count>, reckon, class б) зачислять, причислять be numbered with Syn: rank
3) насчитывать The crew and passengers numbered
33.. ≈ Команда плюс пассажиры, тридцать три человека. Syn: equal, amount
4) прожить столько-то лет число, количество - livestock *s поголовье скота - * of copies (полиграфия) тираж - in * численно, числом - they are twenty in * их двадцать - we were few in * нас было мало - to the * of 10,000 в добровольцы записалось до 10 000 человек - a large * много - a large * of people масса народу - a limited * of cars is available поступило в продажу некоторое количество автомашин - quite a * of people довольно многие (люди) - out of * бесчисленное множество;
несть числа - times without * бесчисленное множество раз - any * любое количество;
много - I have shown him any * of kindnesses я оказывал ему множество любезностей - many people, myself among the *, think that... многие люди, и я в том числе, думают, что... - he is not of our * он не принадлежит к нашему кругу - given equal *s we should be stronger при одинаковой численности мы должны быть сильнее некоторое количество, ряд - a * of people некоторые( люди) ;
кое-кто - a * of accidents always occur on slippery roadways на скользкой мостовой всегда происходят несчастные случаи - a * of books is missing from the library из библиотеки пропал ряд книг большое число, масса - in *s в большом количестве;
значительными силами - in superior *s (военное) превосходящей численностью - *s of people came to see the exhibition посмотреть выставку пришла масса народу - to win by *s победить благодаря численному превосходству - to be overpowered by *s, to yield to *s отступить перед превосходящими силами (военное) количество вооружений - actual * фактическое количество - aggregate * суммарное количетсво - agreed * согласованное количество (порядковый) номер - index * порядковый номер - registration * инвентарный номер - reference * (официальное) номер для ссылок;
номер заказа - code * (телефония) номер по телеграфному коду - wrond *! вы не туда попали! (ответ по телефону) - atomic * атомный номер( в таблице Менделеева) - call * шифр( карты, книги) - the * of a house номер дома - * of the piece crew (военное) номер орудийного расчета - to take the driver's * записать номер такси номер (дома) (употр. в сокр. форме No) - he lives at No. 18 он живет в доме N 18 - he lives in No. 4 он живет в четвертом номере (гостиницы) номер, выпуск (издания) - back * старый номер (газеты) ;
нечто устаревшее;
отсталый человек - to feel oneself a back * чувствовать, что отстал от жизни - the current * of a magazine последний номер журнала - a story issued in *s роман, выходящий отдельными выпусками номер программы, выступление - the first * on the program первый номер программы - she sang several *s from the opera она спела несколько арий из этой оперы (разговорное) что-л. выделяющееся, бросающееся в глаза - this hat is a smart * эта шляпка - верх изящества - he is a sly * он большой хитрец( разговорное) девушка, девчонка - blonde * блондиночка (американизм) ежедневная нелегальная лотерея (ставки делаются на цифры в статистических таблицах и т. п., помещаемых в газетах) (американизм) мошенничество, жульничество (сленг) наркотик - * 3 кокаин - * 8 героин - * 13 морфин позывные сумма, цифра;
число - binary * двоичное число - broken * дробь - intact * целое число - Roman *s римские цифры - artificial *s логарифмы - in round *s в круглых цифрах;
примерно;
короче говоря арифметика - he has skill in *s он силен в арифметике (грамматика) число - plural * множественное число( специальное) показатель, число - gloss * (текстильное) показатель блеска - acid * кислотное число, коэффициент кислотности - solubility * показатель растворимости - elevation * высотная отметка - scale * знаменатель масштаба - weight * весовой коэффициент (в статистике) - base * (информатика) основной индекс( классификации) - * of dimension размерность - * in a scale (метеорология) балл( силы ветра) (стихосложение) (музыкальное) метр, размер;
ритм стихи - mournful *s унылые строфы > No. 10 (Downing Street) резиденция премьер-министра Великобритании > smb.'s * goes up чье-л. дело плохо, кому-л. крышка, чья-л. песенка спета > to lose the * of one's mess (военное) (жаргон) "сняться с довольствия" (т. е. умереть) > to get smb.'s * (американизм) (сленг) раскусить кого-л > to do a * on smb. (американизм) (сленг) морочить, ловко обработать кого-л;
высмеивать кого-л.;
издеваться над кем-л;
заигрывать с кем-л > to do a * on smb.'s head заморочить кому-л. голову > to have smb.'s * on it (американизм) (сленг) быть специально предназначенным для кого-л. (о пуле) > opposite * (математика) противолежащий нумеровать - *ed copy нумерованный экземпляр (книги) - to * houses нумеровать дома - * the questins from 1 to 10 перенумеруйте вопросы от первого до десятого насчитывать - we *ed twenty in all всего нас было двадцать человек - the population *s 1000 население составляет 1000 человек - he *s fourscore years ему перевалило за восемьдесят - those present *ed fifty присутствующих насчитывалось пятьдесят человек - they * in hundreds их число доходит до нескольких сотен причислять, зачислять;
числить (кем-л, чем-л.) - to be *ed with the saints быть причисленным к лику святых - I * Thomas among my friends я причисляю Томаса к своим друзьям - Julius Caesar is *ed among the greatest captains of all ages Юлия Цезаря считают одним из величайших полководцев всех времен - this painting is *ed among the treasures of the gallery это полотно относится к числу сокровиц галереи (книжное) считать, пересчитывать - his days are *ed дни его сочтены - who can * the stars? кто сочтет звезды?;
кто знает, сколько на небе звезд? (военное) производить расчет - by twos, *! на первый-второй - рассчитайсь! (команда) - * (off) ! по порядку номеров - рассчитайсь! (команда) absolute ~ вчт. неименованное число abstract ~ вчт. неименованное число account ~ номер счета account ~ вчт. учетный номер actual ~ вчт. фактическое число application ~ пат. номер заявки arithmetic ~ вчт. арифметическое число assembly ~ вчт. шифр комплекта average sample ~ средний объем выборки base ~ вчт. основание системы счисления basic ~ базисная величина ~ причислять, зачислять;
to be numbered with быть причисленным к binary decimal ~ вчт. двоично-десятичное число binary ~ вчт. двоичное число binary-coded decimal ~ вчт. двоично-кодированное десятичное число binary-coded ~ вчт. двоично-кодированное число block ~ вчт. номер блока book ~ учетный номер книги ~ номер;
motorcar's number номер автомашины;
call number шифр (книги, пленки и т. п.) call ~ вызываемый номер call ~ вчт. вызывающий параметр cardinal ~ мат. кардинальное число cardinal ~ количественное числительное catalogue ~ каталожный номер check ~ вчт. контрольное число column ~ вчт. номер столбца commercial register ~ номер коммерческой фирмы в регистре register: commercial ~ number (for tax and VAT collection purposes) номер коммерческой фирмы в регистре (для налогообложения и сбора налога на добавленную стоимость) customer account ~ номер счета клиента cylinder ~ вчт. номер цилиндра danger ~ категория риска decimal ~ десятичное число device ~ вчт. номер устройства double-precision ~ вчт. число с двойной точностью error ~ вчт. номер ошибки extension ~ добавочный номер file ~ номер дела file ~ номер документа file ~ номер единицы хранения floating-point ~ вчт. число с плавающей запятой fractional ~ дробное число generation ~ вчт. номер версии giro account ~ номер жиросчета ~ первоклассный, самый главный;
problem No. 1 самая важная проблема;
his number goes up он умирает, его песенка спета, ему крышка identity ~ идентификационный номер identity ~ личный номер ~ число, количество;
a number of некоторое количество;
in number численно, количеством in (great) ~s в большом количестве in (great) ~s значительными силами;
out of (или without) number множество, без числа;
a number (или numbers) of people много народу index ~ вчт. индекс index ~ коэффициент index ~ числовой показатель insurance ~ номер страхового договора integer ~ вчт. целое число inverse ~ вчт. обратное число invoice ~ номер счета-фактуры item ~ номер изделия item ~ вчт. номер позиции item ~ вчт. номер элемента journal ~ номер журнала land register ~ номер кадастра licence ~ номерной знак автомобиля line ~ вчт. номер строки lot ~ номер лота lot ~ число изделий в партии magic ~ вчт. системный код mixed ~ вчт. смешанное число ~ номер;
motorcar's number номер автомашины;
call number шифр (книги, пленки и т. п.) natural ~ вчт. натуральное число natural ~ мат. натуральное число negative ~ вчт. отрицательное число number разг. (что-л.) выделяющееся, могущее служить образцом;
number one (или No. ~ выпуск, номер, экземпляр (журнала и т. п.) ~ выпуск ~ зачислять ~ количество ~ насчитывать;
the population numbers 5000 население составляет 5000 человек ~ насчитывать ~ номер (программы) ~ номер;
motorcar's number номер автомашины;
call number шифр (книги, пленки и т. п.) ~ номер ~ нумеровать ~ нумеровать ~ первоклассный, самый главный;
problem No. 1 самая важная проблема;
his number goes up он умирает, его песенка спета, ему крышка ~ пересчитывать ~ показатель ~ (No.) порядковый номер ~ предназначать ~ причислять, зачислять;
to be numbered with быть причисленным к ~ воен. рассчитываться;
to number off делать перекличку по номерам ~ прос. ритм, размер ~ свое "я";
собственная персона ~ pl прос. стихи ~ мат. сумма, число, цифра;
science of numbers арифметика ~ сумма ~ уст. считать, пересчитывать;
his days are numbered его дни сочтены ~ цифра ~ числиться, быть в числе (among, in) ~ грам. число ~ число, количество;
a number of некоторое количество;
in number численно, количеством ~ число ~ in succession нумеровать по порядку ~ in system вчт. число в системе ~ in the queue вчт. длина очереди ~ число, количество;
a number of некоторое количество;
in number численно, количеством ~ of allocation units количество голосов, на основании которых распределяются мандаты в парламенте ~ of claims число исков ~ of members число членов ~ of packages число мест груза in (great) ~s значительными силами;
out of (или without) number множество, без числа;
a number (или numbers) of people много народу ~ of persons employed число сотрудников ~ of respondents число опрошенных ~ of risks число рисков ~ of units waiting вчт. длина очереди ~ of votes число голосов ~ of years возраст ~ воен. рассчитываться;
to number off делать перекличку по номерам number разг. (что-л.) выделяющееся, могущее служить образцом;
number one (или No. odd ~ нечетное число opposite ~ лицо, занимающее такую же должность в другом учреждении opposite ~ партнер по переговорам opposite: ~ number лицо, занимающее такую же должность в другом учреждении, государстве и т. п.;
партнер, коллега order ~ номер заказа order ~ порядковый номер ordinal ~ вчт. порядковый номер ordinal ~ порядковый номер in (great) ~s значительными силами;
out of (или without) number множество, без числа;
a number (или numbers) of people много народу packed decimal ~ вчт. упакованное десятичное число page ~ вчт. номер страницы page ~ полигр. номер страницы parcel ~ номер земельного участка patent ~ номер патента personal identification ~ вчт. личный идентификационный номер personal ~ личный идентификационный номер phone ~ номер телефона physical block ~ вчт. физический номер блока policy ~ номер страхового полиса ~ насчитывать;
the population numbers 5000 население составляет 5000 человек positive ~ вчт. положительное число precedence ~ вчт. приоритетный номер prime ~ простое число prime: ~ mover тех. первичный двигатель;
перен. душа( какого-л.) дела;
prime number мат. простое число priority ~ вчт. показатель приоритета ~ первоклассный, самый главный;
problem No. 1 самая важная проблема;
his number goes up он умирает, его песенка спета, ему крышка pseudorandom ~ псевдослучайное число random ~ случайное число rational ~ рациональное число real ~ вещественное число real ~ действительное число reciprocal ~ обратное число reference ~ номер для ссылок reference ~ номер документа reference ~ шифр документа registration ~ номерной знак registration ~ регистрационный номер round ~ округленное число ~ мат. сумма, число, цифра;
science of numbers арифметика securities ~ номер ценной бумаги sequence ~ порядковый номер serial ~ номер в серии serial ~ порядковый номер serial ~ регистрационный номер serial ~ серийный номер serial: ~ последовательный;
serial number порядковый номер share serial ~ серийный номер акции shelf ~ doc. регистрационный номер shelf ~ doc. учетный номер signed ~ вчт. число со знаком simple ~ однозначное число special service ~ специальный служебный номер statement ~ вчт. номер оператора statistical code ~ статистический кодовый номер suffix ~ нижний индекс tag ~ вчт. кодовая метка tariff ~ позиция в таможенном тарифе tax identification ~ регистрационный номер фирмы в налоговом управлении (США) telephone ~ номер телефона three-figure ~ трехзначное число three-figure ~ трехзначный номер title ~ титульный номер track ~ вчт. номер дорожки two-digit ~ двузначное число unit ~ вчт. номер устройства unlisted ~ номер телефона, не внесенный в телефонный справочник unobtainable ~ номер телефона, не помещенный в телефонный справочник и не сообщаемый справочной службой unsigned ~ вчт. число без знака user identification ~ вчт. шифр пользователя user ~ вчт. код пользователя vacant ~ незанятый абонентский номер vacant ~ свободный абонентский номер version ~ вчт. номер версии virtual block ~ вчт. виртуальный номер блока wave ~ волновое число

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > number
9 opportunity

[ˌɔpə'tjuːnɪtɪ]
n

удобный случай, возможность

Don't let this opportunity slip (pass/go by). — Не упускай эту (такую) возможность/этот (такой) удобный случай.

He was denied college opportunities. — Он не имел возможности учиться в колледже.

I haven't much opportunity of seeing him. — У меня редко предоставляется возможность повидать его.

His opportinities were limited. — Его возможности были ограничены.

- rare opportunity
- strategical opportunities
- commercial opportunities
- trade opportunities
- learning opportunity
- sight-seeing opportunity
- equal opportunities for all
- opportunity for travelling
- opportunity of doing smth
- opportunity for training
- equality of opportunities
- at the earliest opportunity
- at the first opportunity that offers
- at some convenient opportunity
- at every opportunity
- without giving any opportunity
- have an opportunity to do smth
- take every opportunity of talking to smb
- give smb equal opportunities to discuss the matter
- get the opportunity to do smth
- lose the opportunity
- give smb a rare opportunity
- find a good opportunity
- catch a good opportunity
- open unequalled opportunities
- appreciate this opportunity
- welcome this opportunity
- have greater opportunities for the application of this method
- have ample opportunities to study
- use every opportunity to do smth
- have no opportunity to find out the truth
- overlook the opportunity of buying this book
- wait for one's opportunity
- regret one's wasted opportunity
- use one's opportunity wisely
- get an opportunity
- waste an opportunity
- step into an opportunity
- if opportunity offers
- if another opportunity turns up
ASSOCIATIONS AND IMAGERY:

Значение существительного opportunity ассоциируется с возможностью проникновения куда-либо, что находит выражение в ряде других слов и словосочетаний, сохраняющих общее значение существительного opportunity - возможность: he was on the threshold of an exciting new carier он стоял на пороге новой, увлекательной крьеры; what would you say is the key to success? что по вашему мнению является ключом к успеху?; the company has several openings for trainees у компании есть несколько возможностей для практикантов; not every one has an access to higher education не у всех есть доступ к высшему образованию; I felt that I had got my new job by the back door я чувствовал, что моя новая работа была получена по блату/с "чёрного хода"; she felt that all doors were barred/closed/holted against her она чувствовала, что все пути к успеху для неё закрыты; age is no barrier to success возраст не препятствие к успеху

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > opportunity
10 Hancock, Thomas

SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology

[br]

b. 8 May 1786 Marlborough, Wiltshire, England

d. 26 March 1865 Stoke Newington, London, England

[br]

English founder of the British rubber industry.

[br]

After education at a private school in Marlborough, Hancock spent some time in "mechanical pursuits". He went to London to better himself and c.1819 his interest was aroused in the uses of rubber, which until then had been limited. His first patent, dated 29 April 1820, was for the application of rubber in clothing where some elasticity was useful, such as braces or slip-on boots. He noticed that freshly cut pieces of rubber could be made to adhere by pressure to form larger pieces. To cut up his imported and waste rubber into small pieces, Hancock developed his "masticator". This device consisted of a spiked roller revolving in a hollow cylinder. However, when rubber was fed in to the machine, the product was not the expected shredded rubber, but a homogeneous cylindrical mass of solid rubber, formed by the heat generated by the process and pressure against the outer cylinder. This rubber could then be compacted into blocks or rolled into sheets at his factory in Goswell Road, London; the blocks and sheets could be used to make a variety of useful articles. Meanwhile Hancock entered into partnership with Charles Macintosh in Manchester to manufacture rubberized, waterproof fabrics. Despite these developments, rubber remained an unsatisfactory material, becoming sticky when warmed and losing its elasticity when cold. In 1842 Hancock encountered specimens of vulcanized rubber prepared by Charles Goodyear in America. Hancock worked out for himself that it was made by heating rubber and sulphur, and obtained a patent for the manufacture of the material on 21 November 1843. This patent also included details of a new form of rubber, hardened by heating to a higher temperature, that was later called vulcanite, or ebonite. In 1846 he began making solid rubber tyres for road vehicles. Overall Hancock took out sixteen patents, covering all aspects of the rubber industry; they were a leading factor in the development of the industry from 1820 until their expiry in 1858.

[br]

Bibliography

1857, Personal Narrative of the Origin and Progress of the Caoutchouc or Indiarubber Manufacture in England, London.

Further Reading

H.Schurer, 1953, "The macintosh: the paternity of an invention", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 28:77–87.

LRD

Biographical history of technology > Hancock, Thomas
11 non-flame propagating component
1. компонент, не распространяющий горение
компонент, не распространяющий горение
Компонент, который может загораться или не загораться под воздействием пламени и который не распространяет горение.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 61084-1 2007]

EN

non-flame propagating component
component which is liable to ignite, as a result of an applied flame, but in which the flame does not propagate and which extinguishes itself within a limited time after the flame is removed
[IEC 60050-442:1998, 442-01-12]

FR

composant non propagateur de la flamme
composant qui est susceptible de prendre feu lors de l'application d'une flamme, mais qui ne propage pas l'inflammation et s'éteint de lui même dans un temps réduit après retrait de la flamme
[IEC 60050-442:1998, 442-01-12]

Тематики
- изделие электромонтажное
- пожарная безопасность
- электропроводка, электромонтаж
EN
- non-flame propagating component
- nonflame propagating component
FR
- composant non propagateur de la flamme
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > non-flame propagating component
12 nonflame propagating component
1. компонент, не распространяющий горение
компонент, не распространяющий горение
Компонент, который может загораться или не загораться под воздействием пламени и который не распространяет горение.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 61084-1 2007]

EN

non-flame propagating component
component which is liable to ignite, as a result of an applied flame, but in which the flame does not propagate and which extinguishes itself within a limited time after the flame is removed
[IEC 60050-442:1998, 442-01-12]

FR

composant non propagateur de la flamme
composant qui est susceptible de prendre feu lors de l'application d'une flamme, mais qui ne propage pas l'inflammation et s'éteint de lui même dans un temps réduit après retrait de la flamme
[IEC 60050-442:1998, 442-01-12]

Тематики
- изделие электромонтажное
- пожарная безопасность
- электропроводка, электромонтаж
EN
- non-flame propagating component
- nonflame propagating component
FR
- composant non propagateur de la flamme
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > nonflame propagating component
13 non-flame propagating conduit
1. труба, не распространяющая горение
труба, не распространяющая горение
-
[IEV number 442-02-16]

EN

non-flame propagating conduit
a conduit which is liable to ignite, as a result of an applied flame, but in which the flame does not propagate and which extinguishes itself within a limited time after the flame is removed
[IEV number 442-02-16]

FR

conduit non propagateur de la flamme
conduit qui est susceptible de prendre feu lors de l'application d'une flamme, mais qui ne propage pas l'inflammation et s'éteint de lui même dans un temps réduit après retrait de la flamme
[IEV number 442-02-16]

Тематики
- пожарная безопасность
- электропроводка, электромонтаж
EN
- non-flame propagating conduit
DE
- nicht flammverbreitendes Elektroinstallationsrohr
- nicht zur Flammenausbreitung beitragendes Elektroinstallationsrohr
FR
- conduit non propagateur de la flamme
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > non-flame propagating conduit
14 non-flame propagating conduit fitting
1. трубная арматура, не распространяющая горение
трубная арматура, не распространяющая горение
-
[IEV number 442-02-27]

EN

non-flame propagating conduit fitting
a conduit fitting which is liable to catch fire, as a result of an applied flame, but in which the flame does not propagate and which extinguishes itself within a limited time after the flame is removed
[IEV number 442-02-27]

FR

accessoire de conduit non propagateur de la flamme
accessoire de conduit qui est susceptible de prendre feu lors de l'application d'une flamme, mais qui ne propage pas l'inflammation et s'éteint de lui même dans un temps réduit après retrait de la flamme
[IEV number 442-02-27]

Тематики
- пожарная безопасность
- электропроводка, электромонтаж
EN
- non-flame propagating conduit fitting
DE
- nicht flammverbreitendes Elektroinstallationsrohrformstück
- nicht zur Flammenausbreitung beitragendes Elektroinstallationsrohrformstück
FR
- accessoire de conduit non propagateur de la flamme
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > non-flame propagating conduit fitting

См. также в других словарях:

Application virtualization — is an umbrella term that describes software technologies that improve portability, manageability and compatibility of applications by encapsulating them from the underlying operating system on which they are executed. A fully virtualized… … Wikipedia
Application firewall — An application firewall is a form of firewall which controls input, output, and/or access from, to, or by an application or service. It operates by monitoring and potentially blocking the input, output, or system service calls which do not meet… … Wikipedia
Application delivery network — An Application Delivery Network (ADN) is a suite of technologies that, when deployed together, provide application availability, security, and acceleration. At the core of an ADN is the Application Delivery Controller (ADC), an advanced traffic… … Wikipedia
Limited geography model — A limited geography model for the Book of Mormon is one of several theories by Latter Day Saint movement scholars that the book s narrative was a historical record of people in a limited geographical region, rather than of the entire Western… … Wikipedia
Application service provider — Types of Internet hosting service Full featured hosting Virtual private server · Dedicated hosting · … Wikipedia
Application-level gateway — In the context of computer networking, an application level gateway [RFC 2663 ALG: official definition (refer section 2.9)] (also known as ALG or application layer gateway) consists of a security component that augments a firewall or NAT employed … Wikipedia
Application-specific integrated circuit — An application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is an integrated circuit (IC) customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general purpose use. For example, a chip designed solely to run a cell phone is an ASIC.In contrast, the… … Wikipedia
Rich Internet application — Articleissues article =September 2008 OR = July 2008 refimprove = July 2008 advert = July 2008 cleanup = July 2008Rich Internet applications (RIAs) are web applications that have the features and functionality of traditional desktop applications … Wikipedia
Patent application — A patent application is a request pending at a patent office for the grant of a patent for the invention described and claimed by that application. An application consists of a description of the invention (the patent specification ), together… … Wikipedia
Wireless Application Protocol — Not to be confused with Wireless access point. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a technical standard for accessing information over a mobile wireless network. A WAP browser is a web browser for mobile devices such as mobile phones (called… … Wikipedia
Nottingham and District Tramways Company Limited — was a tramway operator from 1875 to 1897 based in Nottingham in the United Kingdom. Contents 1 Nottingham Tramways Company 1872 1875 2 Nottingham and District Tramways Company Limited 1875 1897 2.1 … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

(not limited in application)

Тематики

EN

FR

Тематики

EN

FR

Тематики

EN

DE

FR

Тематики

EN

DE

FR

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

(not limited in application)

Тематики

EN

FR

Тематики

EN

FR

Тематики

EN

DE

FR

Тематики

EN

DE

FR

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: